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Sprengel pump
The Sprengel pump is a vacuum pump that uses drops of mercury falling through a small-bore capillary tube to trap air from the system to be evacuated.〔As Sprengel himself explained -- Sprengel (1865), page 17 -- his vacuum pump was a modification of the "trompe" (or "trombe"), which had been known in Europe at least since the sixteenth century. In a ''trompe'', water falls from a reservoir through a pipe. The pipe's upper end is closed except for a set of small-diameter tubes, each of which is open to the air at one end and which dips under the water at its other end. As the water falls, it entrains air from the tubes. The water carries the air to the bottom of the pipe, where the air collects in a reservoir at high pressure. The ''trompe'' was used to produce a constant stream of air for smelting and metal working, among other uses. Sprengel merely connected a tube to the pipe's upper end in order to use the flow of liquid to evacuate a vessel. See: (Basic principle of a trompe. )〕 It was invented by Hanover-born chemist Hermann Sprengel in 1865 while he was working in London.〔Hermann Sprengel (1865) ("III. Researches on the vacuum," ) ''Journal of the Chemical Society'', vol. 18, pages 9-21.〕 The pump created the highest vacuum achievable at that time.
==Operation==
Falling mercury drops compress the air to atmospheric pressure which is released when the stream reaches a container at the bottom of the tube. As the pressure drops, the cushioning effect of trapped air between the droplets diminishes, so a hammering or knocking sound can be heard, accompanied by flashes of light within the evacuated vessel.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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